Clipmarks | Djiezes's 'computers' clips

Man-Computer Symbiosis (by JCR Licklider, 1960)

Sat, 16 Aug 2008 16:47:51 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: Full Text @ Source

Clip Source: groups.csail.mit.edu

Man-Computer Symbiosis

J. C. R. Licklider
IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics,
volume HFE-1, pages 4-11, March 1960

Clip Source: www.usabilityviews.com

Man-Computer Symbiosis by J C R Licklider (01 Mar 1960)

Article URL: http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/Secondary/Licklider.pdf

Clip Source: en.wikipedia.org

Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (March 11, 1915 – June 26, 1990), known simply as J.C.R. or "Lick" was an American computer scientist, considered one of the most important figures in computer science and general computing history. ^[1]

Clip Source: en.wikipedia.org

"Man-Computer Symbiosis" is a key speculative paper published in 1960 by psychologist/computer scientist J.C.R. Licklider, which envisions that mutually-interdependent, "living together", tightly-coupled human brains and computing machines would prove to complement each other's strengths to a high degree:

In Licklider's vision, many of the pure artificial intelligence systems envisioned at the time by over-optimistic researchers would prove unnecessary.

Tags: licklider, cyberspace, history, future, literature, toread, technology, symbiosis, cybernetics, computers

Computing Machinery and Intelligence (by Alan Turing, 1950)

Sat, 16 Aug 2008 16:15:11 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: Full Text @ Source

Clip Source: loebner.net

COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE

By A. M. Turing

Turing, A.M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, 59, 433-460.

I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?"

Clip Source: en.wikipedia.org

Alan Turing

is often considered to be the father of modern computer science. Turing provided an influential formalisation of the concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing machine. With the Turing test, he made a significant and characteristically provocative contribution to the debate regarding artificial intelligence:

Clip Source: en.wikipedia.org

Computing Machinery and Intelligence, written by Alan Turing and published in 1950 in Mind, is a seminal paper on the topic of artificial intelligence in which the concept of what is now known as the Turing test was introduced to a wide audience.

Clip Source: www.turing.org.uk

Alan Turing's papers

full listing

Mechanical Intelligence has everything related to electronic computing and to Artificial Intelligence

Pure Mathematics

Morphogenesis

Mathematical Logic

Tags: turing, cyberspace, history, future, literature, toread, technology, computing, computers, ai

An Open Universe (by Kevin Kelly, 1994)

Sat, 16 Aug 2008 16:00:57 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: Full Text @ Source

This is the 17th chapter of Kelly's Book "Out of Control", which is also freely & fully available online. See the included links.

Clip Source: www.kk.org

Out of Control

Chapter 17: AN OPEN UNIVERSE

Clip Source: www.kk.org

Out of Control
Table of Contents

Clip Source: en.wikipedia.org

Kelly's most notable book-length publication, Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World (1994), presents a view on the mechanisms of complex organization. The central theme of the book is that several fields of contemporary science and philosophy point in the same direction: intelligence is not organized in a centralized structure but much more like a bee-hive of small simple components. Kelly applies this view to bureaucratic organisations, intelligent computers, and to the human brain.

Lectures

Speculations On The Future Of Science by Kevin Kelly.

The Next Fifty Years of Science by Kevin Kelly.

What Does Technology Want? by Kevin Kelly

The next 5000 days of the Web by Kevin Kelly

Tags: kelly, cyberspace, history, future, literature, toread, ai, artificial intelligence, technology, media

As We May Think (by Vannevar Bush, 1945)

Sat, 16 Aug 2008 15:03:09 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: Full Text @ Source

Clip Source: www.theatlantic.com

As We May Think

July 1945 Atlantic Monthly

by Vannevar Bush

Clip Source: en.wikipedia.org

As We May Think is an essay by Vannevar Bush, first published in The Atlantic Monthly in July 1945. Bush argued that as humans turned from war, scientific efforts should shift from increasing physical abilities to making all previous collected human knowledge more accessible.

As We May Think predicted many kinds of technology invented after its publication, including hypertext, personal computers, the Internet, the World Wide Web, speech recognition, and online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia: "Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready-made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified."

The system, which he called memex, was described as based on what was thought, at the time, to be the wave of the future: Ultra high resolution microfilm reels, coupled to multiple screen viewers and cameras, by electromechanical controls.

Tags: bush, cyberspace, history, future, literature, toread, internet, web, technology, computers

Of the Analytical Engine (by Charles Babbage, 1864)

Sat, 16 Aug 2008 15:00:50 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: Full Text @ Source

Clip Source: www.fourmilab.ch

Passages from the Life of a Philosopher

BY
CHARLES BABBAGE

OF THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE

1864

Clip Source: en.wikipedia.org

The analytical engine, an important step in the history of computers, was the design of a mechanical general-purpose computer by the British mathematician Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837, but Babbage continued to work on the design until his death in 1871. Because of financial, political, and legal issues, the engine was never actually built. In its logical design the machine was essentially modern, anticipating the first completed general-purpose computers by about 100 years.

Some believe that the technological limitations of the time were a further obstacle to the construction of the machine; others believe that the machine could have been built successfully with the technology of the era if funding and political support had been stronger.

Tags: babbage, cyberspace, history, future, literature, toread, technology, computers, analytical engine, mathematics

How Computers boot up

Thu, 17 Jul 2008 21:36:16 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: This extensive 3-part post focuses on the linux booting process, from motherboard & chipset to the bootloader & kernel booting process.

Clip Source: duartes.org

Motherboard Chipsets and the Memory Map

To start off let’s take a look at how an Intel computer is wired up nowadays. The diagram below shows the main components in a motherboard and dubious color taste:

Clip Source: duartes.org

How Computers Boot Up

Clip Source: duartes.org

The Kernel Boot Process

Tags: computers, boot, booting, kernel

Open Source Data Recovery Tools

Fri, 04 Jul 2008 09:29:53 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: An overview of some software & live discs . See source for a decent overview and review.

I'm going to explore various ways you can use open source solutions to recover data, bring dead systems back to life, and save your bacon in general. Many of the solutions described here run cross-platform (Lin/Win/Mac), but some of them are *NIX-only and will be described as such.

Clip Source: www.informationweek.com

Open Source Data Recovery Tools To The Rescue

Disasters happen to the best of computers. Luckily, open source apps like SystemRescueCD, dd, Partedmagic, BackTrack, Security Tools Distribution, Helix, and TestDisk can help recover important data and bring dead systems back to life.

The BackTrack live CD distribution is packed with recovery tools, including the powerful Autopsy toolset.

(click for image gallery)

Helix offers a markedly different interface than BackTrack or STD.

(click for image gallery)

You can use TestDisk to spelunk a damaged disk and find now-missing partitions.

(click for image gallery)

These files recovered with PhotoRec have new names, but the metadata tells you they are audio files.

(click for image gallery)

Output from The Sleuth Kit's fsstat tool details information about a file system image dumped from a damaged drive.

(click for image gallery)

Tags: linux, open source, data recovery, forensics, testdisk, photorec, autopsy, list, distro, software

The Origins of Linux - Linus Torvalds

Sat, 21 Jun 2008 16:48:27 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes

Clip Source: www.youtube.com

The Origins of Linux - Linus Torvalds

[Video]

[Recorded Sept 19, 2001]
Linus Torvalds, the creator of the operating system phenomenon Linux, tells the story of how he went from writing code as a graduate student in Helsinki in the early 1990s to becoming an icon for open source software by the end of the decade.

Tags: linux, linus torvalds, lecture, computers, technology, os, history, open source, 2001

The Web Time Forgot

Tue, 17 Jun 2008 12:58:17 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: NYT article on Paul Otlet

see source for the full article.

Clip Source: www.nytimes.com

The Web Time Forgot

Graphic

Index Cards and Electric Telescopes

Enlarge This Image

Mundaneum

PAPER TRAIL The telegraph room at the original Mundaneum in Brussels.

In 1934, Otlet sketched out plans for a global network of computers (or “electric telescopes,” as he called them) that would allow people to search and browse through millions of interlinked documents, images, audio and video files. He described how people would use the devices to send messages to one another, share files and even congregate in online social networks. He called the whole thing a “réseau,” which might be translated as “network” — or arguably, “web.”

Although Otlet’s proto-Web relied on a patchwork of analog technologies like index cards and telegraph machines, it nonetheless anticipated the hyperlinked structure of today’s Web. “This was a Steampunk version of hypertext,”

Tags: web, internet, www, information, otlet, paul otlet

Fastest Supercomputer Mimics Human Brain Function

Tue, 17 Jun 2008 12:53:13 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes

Clip Source: www.dailytech.com

Roadrunner Supercomputer Mimics Brain Function, Sets New Speed Record

Not even a week after the new Roadrunner supercomputer was juiced up and put to work, scientists are hard at work trying to push the machine to its limits.

Los Alamos researchers are putting this power to work with a program dubbed PetaVision. The program was created to model neuron and synapse interaction in the visual cortex of the human brain.

Supercomputers like Roadrunner bring new possibilities for modeling human recognition systems

The researchers used PetaVision to set a processing record with Roadrunner, spinning up to an astonishing 1.144 petaflop/s.

Clip Source: www.lanl.gov

PetaVision models the human visual system—mimicking more than 1 billion visual neurons and trillions of synapses. Neurons are nerve cells that process information in the brain. Neurons communicate with each other using synaptic connections, analogous to what transistors are in modern computer chips. Synapses store memories and play a vital role in learning.

Tags: computers, computer, roadrunner, technology, neuroscience, petavision, los alamos, neurology

The Electric Sheep Screen-Saver: A Case Study in Aesthetic Evolution (paper)

Wed, 11 Jun 2008 18:29:29 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: Thanks to Kore7's comment on invictus' clip, I discovered there's a working linux version now.

2 minutes later, I found this paper on the Electric Sheep Project and simply had to share it.

Clip Source: draves.org

The Electric Sheep Screen-Saver: A Case Study in Aesthetic Evolution

Scott Draves

Spotworks, San Francisco CA, USA

Electric Sheep is a distributed screen-saver that harnesses idle computers into a render farm with the purpose of animating and evolving artificial life-forms known as sheep. The votes of the users form the basis for the fitness function for a genetic algorithm on a space of fractal animations. Users also may design sheep by hand for inclusion in the gene pool. This paper describes the system and its algorithms, and reports statistics from 11 weeks of operation. The data indicate that Electric Sheep functions more as an amplifier of its human collaborators' creativity rather than as a traditional genetic algorithm that optimizes a fitness function.

Full paper as PDF (c) Springer-Verlag

Electric Sheep Home Page

Tags: pdf, paper, sheep, electric sheep, screensaver, free, evolution, art

Psychology in Human-Computer Interaction

Fri, 06 Jun 2008 22:30:00 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: a 1 hour video lecture. see source

Clip Source: videolectures.net

Psychology in Human-Computer Interaction

This course is intended to give newcomers enough backgroundin the field of HCI to make their conference experience muchmore meaningful. It provides a framework to understand how thevarious topics are related to research and practice. It is a tried-andtrue introduction and has become a CHI conference tradition.

Watch videos: (click on thumbnail to launch)

Part 1 0:37:01

Part 2 0:20:49

author: David Kieras, University of Michigan

'Signs of the Singularity' by Vernor Vinge

Thu, 05 Jun 2008 15:17:11 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: See http://spectrum.ieee.org/jun08/singularityspecialreport for all the articles in the Special Report on Singularity

Clip Source: spectrum.ieee.org

Signs of the Singularity By Vernor Vinge

This is part of IEEE Spectrum's SPECIAL REPORT: THE SINGULARITY

In that event, I expect the singularity will come as some combination of the following:

The AI Scenario: We create superhuman artificial intelligence (AI) in computers.

The IA Scenario: We enhance human intelligence through human-to-computer interfaces—that is, we achieve intelligence amplification (IA).

The Biomedical Scenario: We directly increase our intelligence by improving the neurological operation of our brains.

The Internet Scenario: Humanity, its networks, computers, and databases become sufficiently effective to be considered a superhuman being.

The Digital Gaia Scenario: The network of embedded microprocessors becomes sufficiently effective to be considered a superhuman being.

Clip Source: spectrum.ieee.org

VIDEO How to Prepare for the Singularity
Vernor Vinge on the run-up to the singularity and what technologists can do to engineer the best outcome for humans.

The Singularity: Neither Heaven nor Hell

Tags: singularity, vinge, vernor vinge, technology, humanity, immortality, list, scifi

The Nehalem Preview: Intel Does It Again

Thu, 05 Jun 2008 12:51:04 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks:

]...
for a 20 - 50% increase in performance, total system power consumption only went up by 10%.
...
Final Words:
First keep in mind that these performance numbers are early, and they were run on a partly crippled, very early platform. With that preface, the fact that Nehalem is still able to post these 20 - 50% performance gains says only one thing about Intel's tick-tock cadence: they did it.
We've been told to expect a 20 - 30% overall advantage over Penryn and it looks like Intel is on track to delivering just that in Q4. At 2.66GHz, Nehalem is already faster than the fastest 3.2GHz Penryns on the market today. At 3.2GHz, I'd feel comfortable calling it baby Skulltrail in all but the most heavily threaded benchmarks. This thing is fast and this is on a very early platform, keep in mind that Nehalem doesn't launch until Q4 of this year.

Clip Source: www.anandtech.com

The Nehalem Preview: Intel Does It Again

Clip Source: www.anandtech.com

The Socket

With an integrated memory controller, Intel needed a new pinout for Nehalem and the first version with three 64-bit DDR3 memory channels features a 1366-pin LGA interface:

LGA-1366 (left) vs. LGA-775 (right)

Nehalem (left) vs. Penryn (right)

Clip Source: www.anandtech.com

The Return of Hyper Threading

While Nehalem is designed to scale to up to 8 cores per chip, each one of those cores has the hardware necessary to execute two threads simultaneously - yep, it's the return of Hyper Threading. Thus our quad-core Nehalem sample appeared as 8 logical cores under Windows Vista:

Having 8 physical cores will obviously be faster, but 8 logical (4 physical) is a highly power efficient way of increasing performance.

Clip Source: www.anandtech.com

the most visibly changed part of Nehalem's architecture: the memory subsystem. Nehalem implements a very Phenom-like memory hierarchy consisting of small, fast individual L1 and L2 caches for each of its four cores and then a single, larger shared L3 cache

Clip Source: www.anandtech.com

Tags: intel, nehalum, cpu, computers, penryn, benchmark, technology

War Breaks Out Between Hackers and Scientology

Fri, 25 Jan 2008 22:48:38 GMT

clipped by: Djiezes
clipper's remarks: See http://www.partyvan.info/index.php/Project_Chanology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Chanology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4chan

Clip Source: blog.wired.com

War Breaks Out Between Hackers and Scientology

January 23, 2008

The attack on Scientology, which Anonymous has dubbed Project Chanology, started in recent days, set off by the Church's most recent attempt to censor the internet by forcing sites to remove a creepy Tom Cruise Scientology video. A wiki set up for the project directs Anonymous members to download and use denial of service software, make prank calls, host Scientology documents the Church considers proprietary, and fax endless loops of black pages to the Church's fax machines to waste ink.

Anonymous congregates on the net at various hangouts such as 711chan.org (NSFW) and partyvan.info and sundry IRC channels. The group usually amuses itself by stealing passwords to downloading sites and finding ways to harass online communities that its members disdain

Anonymous has also sent out a press release and issued this video manifesto:

[Video]

Clip Source: www.partyvan.info

Project Chanology

Tags: scientology, hacking, hackers, computers, tom cruise, web, internet, anonymous, 4chan, chanology

Clipmarks | Djiezes's 'computers' clips

Man-Computer Symbiosis (by JCR Licklider, 1960)

Computing Machinery and Intelligence (by Alan Turing, 1950)

Alan Turing

Alan Turing's papers

An Open Universe (by Kevin Kelly, 1994)

As We May Think (by Vannevar Bush, 1945)

As We May Think

Of the Analytical Engine (by Charles Babbage, 1864)

OF THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE

1864

How Computers boot up

Motherboard Chipsets and the Memory Map

How Computers Boot Up

The Kernel Boot Process

Open Source Data Recovery Tools

The Origins of Linux - Linus Torvalds

The Web Time Forgot

The Web Time Forgot

Index Cards and Electric Telescopes

Fastest Supercomputer Mimics Human Brain Function

The Electric Sheep Screen-Saver: A Case Study in Aesthetic Evolution (paper)

The Electric Sheep Screen-Saver: A Case Study in Aesthetic Evolution

Scott Draves

Spotworks, San Francisco CA, USA

Psychology in Human-Computer Interaction

Psychology in Human-Computer Interaction

Watch videos: (click on thumbnail to launch)

Related content

'Signs of the Singularity' by Vernor Vinge

Signs of the Singularity By Vernor Vinge

The Nehalem Preview: Intel Does It Again

The Socket

The Return of Hyper Threading

War Breaks Out Between Hackers and Scientology

Project Chanology